Pollution and the environment
【场景词汇篇】1. 污染和环境
注:本篇非新闻类资讯,传播本篇的目的只为传递地道英语场景词汇,内容源自外语教学与研究出版社和剑桥大学出版社联合出版的《英语在用:剑桥中级英语词汇》第174页,作者是英国人Stuart Redman。
A. Important definitions 下定义
People are more worried about the environment as a result of the harmful effects of human activity. Some of these activities cause pollution and some are destroying the environment.
人们更担心人类活动对环境造成的有害影响。有些人类活动会造成污染,有些正在破坏现有环境,使其不复存在。
1)the environment = the air, water, and land around us
环境 = 围绕在我们周围的空气、水、土地
2)harmful = dangerous/damaging 有害的 = 危险的/具有破坏性的
3)pollution = dirty air, land and water 污染 = 脏了的空气、土地和水
4)destroying the environment = damaging it so badly that soon parts will not exist 破坏环境= 把环境破坏得太厉害以至于某些地方很快就不存在了
Here are some of the problems: 以下是其中一些问题
the ozone layer: a layer of gases which stop harmful radiation from the sun reaching the earth; recent research shows that there is now a hole in parts of the ozone layer. 臭氧层:一层能阻挡太阳有害辐射到达地球的一层气体;研究显示臭氧层的某些部分有了一个洞global warming: an increase in world temperature caused by an increase in carbon dioxide 全球变暖:因二氧化碳增加而导致的全球气温升高acid rain: rain that contains dangerous chemicals; this is caused by smoke from factories 酸雨:含有危险化学物的雨,因工厂排放的浓烟引起smoke: the grey, white or black gas that is produced by sth burning
烟; 燃烧某物产生的灰烟、白烟或黑烟
B. The ‘greens’ 绿色环保
Because of these problems, there are many groups of people whose aim is conservation. They are often referred to as greens, e.g. Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth’.
因为这些环境问题,现在有很多环境保护团体。他们通常被称之为greens(绿色环保主义)如:“绿色和平”和“地球的朋友”。
conservation= the protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals 对自然界的事物的保护,如植物和动物
C. Common causes of damage 环境毁坏的常见原因
【1】smoke from factories 工厂排放的浓烟
【2】car exhaust fumes 汽车尾气
fume:[fjuːm] Fumes are the unpleasant and often unhealthy smoke and gases that are produced by fires or by things such as chemicals, fuel, or cooking. (大火、化学品、燃料、做饭等产生的难闻且常为有害的)烟,气体
【3】dumping industrial waste in seas and rivers
向江海湖泊倾倒工业垃圾
dumping = throwing away 扔掉
waste = unwanted material 不想要的材料
【4】aerosol cans (usually called sprays). Some of these contain CFCs which can damage the ozone layer.
气雾剂(通常叫喷雾): 有些含有氟氯烃,能破坏臭氧层。
CFCs = a chemical
CFCs(英文全称Chloro-fluoro-carbon)为氯氟烃的英文缩写,是20世纪30年代初发明并且开始使用的一种人造的含有氯、氟元素的碳氢化学物质,在人类的生产和生活中还有不少的用途。在一般条件下,氯氟烃的化学性质很稳定,在很低的温度下会蒸发,因此是冰箱冷冻机的理想制冷剂。它还可以用来做罐装发胶、杀虫剂的气雾剂。另外电视机、计算机等电器产品的印刷线路板的清洗也离不开它们。氯氟烃的另一大用途是作塑料泡沫材料的发泡剂,日常生活中许许多多的地方都要用到泡沫塑料,如冰箱的隔热层、家用电器减震包装材料等。然而,氯氟烃有个特点:它在地球表面很稳定,可是,一蹿到距地球表面15~50千米的高空,受到紫外线的照射,就会生成新的物质和氯原子(氯自由基),氯原子可产生一系列破坏多达上千到十万个臭氧分子的反应,而本身不受损害。这样,臭氧层中的臭氧被消耗得越来越多,臭氧层变得越来越薄,局部区域例如南极上空甚至出现臭氧层空洞。 —————百度百科【5】cutting down tropical rainforests (e.g. the Amazon).
This increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
砍伐热带雨林(如亚马逊雨林): 这会增加大气中的二氧化碳
D. How can we help? 我们能做什么?
【1】Don’t throw away bottles, newspapers, etc. Take them to a bottle bank or newspaper bank, and then they can be recycled.
不要扔掉瓶子、报纸等物。把他们带到瓶子或报纸回收处方便再利用
recycled = used again 回收再利用
【2】Plant more trees. 多种树
【3】Dont waste resources, e.g. water, gas. Try to save them.
不要浪费水、气等资源,要节约使用。
waste = use badly 使用不当
Note: A resource is a valuable possession. There are natural resources, e.g. water or gold; and human resources, e.g. knowledge and skills. The word is usually plural.
注:resource是有价值的资源。水或金子等是自然资源(natural resources); 知识和技能是人类资源(human resources);该词通常以复数形式出现。
本材料源自外语教学与研究出版社和剑桥大学出版社联合出版的《英语在用:剑桥中级英语词汇》第174页,经过本人节选、后期翻译而成,若有翻译的不妥当的地方,欢迎指正